Sergeants' Mess, Redford Cavalry Barracks, Colinton Road, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Edinburgh

Description

A single storey, asymmetrical-plan, former sergeants' mess building comprising a 7-bay section to the northwest, dating from 1909 to 1915, a later, about 1940, 5-bay section to the southeast and a later 3-bay link building. The earliest section was designed by Harry B Measures.

The building is of dark, coursed rock-faced rubble with pale ashlar dressings. There is a cill course, a band course and an eaves course and the linking section has a blocking course. The windows have projecting cills.

The principal elevation is to the northeast. The 5-storey section of around 1940 is to the left and has slightly advanced end bays. A 2-leaf timber entrance door is in a simple architrave to the right-hand bay. The 1908-1915, 7-bay section to the right has a central tripartite bay with a scrolled and finialled pediment. There are paired windows to either side.

The windows to the earlier section are predominantly timber casement windows with 6-pane glazing to the upper lights and 4-pane glazing to the lower lights. The later section has mainly 12-pane glazing in timber sash and case windows. Both blocks have piended roofs with grey slates and there are cornices stacks with red clay cans.

The interior was seen in 2016. Some of the rooms have simple cornicing and there are some part glazed timber doors.

Statement of Interest

The former Sergeants' mess at Redford cavalry barracks dates to between 1909-1915 with a large extension from around 1940. It is an important part of the complex of infantry and cavalry buildings which make up the extensive Redford barracks. The building has some decorative architectural features in the window pediment and is little altered to its exterior. The complex as a whole was the pinnacle of military building prior to the First World War and gives an important and rare insight to the way our military was organised at the beginning of the 20th century.

Age and Rarity

Within the military, the different ranks of personnel lived and socialised separately. The sergeants' mess at Redford cavalry barracks was for Senior Non-Commissioned Officers and would have had a formal reception, a dining room and bar, as well as other offices. The northwest section of the building is similar in size and shape to the equivalent sergeants' mess in the infantry barracks (LB52431). The 2-storey section to the southeast does not appear on the 1934 map, but is first depicted on the Ordnance Survey map with the probable publication date of 1944. It is likely to have been erected to provide extra accommodation during the Second World War.

Redford cavalry barracks was built to replace poor cavalry accommodation at Piershill in Edinburgh. Questions had been raised in Parliament in 1900 about the state of the accommodation at Piershill and, by 1909, the barracks there had been recognised as inadequate. As the military troops based in Edinburgh were also housed in cramped conditions at Edinburgh Castle, the decision was taken by the Government to build a new substantial complex incorporating barracks for both infantry and cavalry and including all the necessary associated buildings on the same site at Redford. Although on the same extensive site, the cavalry barracks (located to the east) and infantry barracks (located to the west) were administered separately.

The cavalry barracks were built to be home to the Royal Scots Greys regiment, who moved to Hounslow as their main base in 1937. Redford Barracks was the largest barracks to be built in Scotland since Fort George in Inverness (1748-1769, Scheduled Monument SM6692). The Redford barracks was the most advanced of its type in Britain at the time and the best equipped, incorporating all the latest developments in training and accommodation. The barracks reflect the military confidence of Britain before the start of the First World War.

The magnitude of the building programme at Redford was so great that the builders, Colin MacAndrew Ltd, built their own railway to transport materials from the main line at Slateford. The Scotsman in 1914 noted 'there is no point at the extensive field at Redford where building operations are in progress which are not served by either the broad or narrow gauge railways'.

All of the cavalry buildings lie to the east of the entire barracks site and include a large barracks block with its associated stables, a guard house with its associated gates and gatepiers, a Commander in Chief's house and stables, (Balaclava House), the Officers' mess and stables, a former Sergeants' mess, a band block, an education block, which was originally a school and other auxiliary buildings including further stables, farriers and stores. The cavalry barracks originally included a riding school to the southeast, which is no longer in situ (2016). There were originally married quarters at the centre of the site, but these were demolished in the 1990s. The infantry barracks and all its associated buildings lie to the west of the site.

During the last quarter of the 19th century, the expanding British Empire required more personnel for its administration and its security. To help with the recruitment and training of soldiers, the Secretary of State for War, Edward Cardwell, introduced the Military Localisation Bill in 1872, which introduced new recruiting and training centres around Britain. The majority of the architectural design and planning was carried out by the Director of Design, Major H C Sneddon, and a number of standard types of barracks resulted. Local variations were possible, for example at the Cameron Barracks at Inverness, listed at category B (LB35340) where Scots Baronial architectural features are used. During this period the overall planning and layout of a barracks complex changed from a strict symmetry of buildings around a parade ground to placing the various buildings in the most sensible position according to function.

Up until the beginning of the 20th century, all military fortifications, including barracks were the responsibility of the Royal Engineers. This was reviewed from 1902 and as a result, a civilian department was formed in 1904 under the direction of the Director of Barracks Construction which was responsible for War Department buildings. The new director was Harry Measures. Measures had his own ideas about the design of barracks buildings and he instigated the bringing of various functions under the same roof which had previously had separate buildings. His first project was new cavalry barracks at Norwich, which he designed with all the ancillary and recreational functions in the ground floor of the building with residential accommodation above. This was never built but his ideas on design were realised at Redford.

Following the First World War and over the course of the 20th century, the practice of warfare and the organisation of the military changed. Military accommodation was updated and smaller residential units became standard. Horses were replaced by machinery and Redford cavalry barracks, was amongst the last of its type to be built on such a large scale. Only the Hyde Park Barracks in London, built by Sir Basil Spence in 1970 for the Household Cavalry Mounted Regiment are comparable in size and scale. A number of cavalry barracks in Scotland were demolished in the 1960s, including at Maryhill in Glasgow and at Perth.

The former Sergeants' mess at Redford cavalry barracks is one of a number of key buildings in a largely intact complex of cavalry and infantry buildings which make up one of the largest barracks sites ever built in Britain. The building has architectural features which are in keeping with the group of buildings at this site and is little altered to its exterior. Redford barracks was the pinnacle of military building prior to the First World War and the complex as a whole is a rare survivor.

Architectural or Historic Interest

Interior

There was a hierarchy of design in the military and a sergeants' mess building would traditionally have more decorative features and be of a higher quality than the accommodation for the regular cavalry, but not so elaborately decorated as the officers' mess. This building demonstrates the hierarchy of its status within Redford cavalry barracks, showing a medium amount of architectural detailing and decoration. The interior here has some simple decorative cornicing.

Plan form

There does not seem to have been a standard plan-form for a Sergeants' mess building and the asymmetric form here is not considered to be exceptional. The former sergeants' mess at Bodmin, Cornwell, (listed at Grade II, Ref no 1375572), for example, is an L-plan building.

Technological excellence or innovation, material or design quality

The external decoration in the Sergeants' mess building lies mostly in its good stonework. The stone used to build the barracks came from Black Pasture and Doddington quarries in Northumberland, which provided stone for a number of buildings in Scotland. The contrast between the smooth blond stone used in the margins with the rock-faced darker stone used in the rest of the building gives the building a characteristic appearance. This has continued in the later section, built around 1940.

The only decorative feature used is the scrolled and finialled pediment above the bay window to the northeast elevation. The entrance door does not have an elaborate doorway.

Harry Bell Measures (circa 1862-1940), was based in London and was the first (and only) holder of a new civilian post, Director of Barrack Construction, which was created in 1904 in order to free the Royal Engineers for other, more military, duties. He designed a number of stations for the Central London Railway, several of which survive as current London Underground stations, including Oxford Circus (listed at Grade II). In terms of barracks buildings, however, Douet (1998) suggest that Measures rethought the layout of barracks buildings and 'abandoned the long-entrenched principles of subdivision and separation of the various elements and functions'. Redford Barracks appears to be one of the few barracks sites he completed with his only other large military building the New College at the royal Military Academy at Sandhurst, listed at Grade II (Ref no 1390374).

Setting

The former Sergeants' mess is situated towards to the northwest of the main Redford cavalry Barracks block and remains as a prominent building near the middle of the barracks site. On the Ordnance Survey map, published in 1934, the building is shown as lying close to the married quarters and it would have been easily accessible.

Some of the earliest buildings in the Redford site, including the married quarters which lay to the west of this building have been demolished and replaced with modern military accommodation. While there have been some later alterations to the group of buildings at the barracks site, the majority of the 1909-1915 buildings remain. The integrity of the site continues to help our understanding of the organisation of the military in the years leading up to the First World War.

The building lies within the Colinton Conservation Area.

Regional variations

There are no known regional variations.

Close Historical Associations

No close historical associations known at present.

As a major military base in Scotland, Redford barracks has provided accommodation and services for a number of Regiments which have been involved in the defence of the United Kingdom over the course of the 20th and 21st centuries.

Statutory address and listed building record revised in 2017 as part of the Redford Barracks Listing Review. Previously listed as Colinton Road, Redford Cavalry Barracks With Officer's Mess, Balaclava House, Guard House, Gates, Gatepiers, Sergeant's Mess, Former Band Block, Education Block, Former Stables, Stores And Other Ancillary Buildings.

REDFRODCAVALRY50.

External Links

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