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This picture, which has been enlarged, was taken from the other side of the valley. Lupton Tower is in the centre, with the farmhouse behind. This was an area of England which was regularly raided by armed bands known as the Border Reivers in the Middle Ages, up until the 17th century. To defend themselves and their families many landowners in the north of England built Pele Towers, normally of three storeys. In effect, they were small defensive castles. Lupton Tower looks to me to be a typical Pele Tower.