History

Built 1902 to 1908; official opening 15 April 1908; originally known as 'Cardiff Lunatic Asylum' and later as 'Cardiff City Mental Hospital'. Architects Messrs Oatley and Skinner of Bristol. Building amongst most modern of its period, having provision for latest treatment methods, and also a large recreation hall, bakery, kitchen, boiler house, own fire station. Taken over by military 1914 - 1919 as 'Welsh Metropolitan War Hospital' (refurbished following war), and again during Second World War as 'Whitchurch Emergency Hospital'. Taken over by Ministry of Health in July 1948.

Exterior

The hospital is built of red brick with yellow brick banding, Welsh slate roofs; the entrance block main elevation has ground floor and dressings of Bath stone. Developed form of 'broad arrow' or echelon plan widely used for large mental hospitals from later C19. Spine of administration and service blocks has, to each side, five two-storey ward blocks (roughly L-shaped) stepped back in echelon, and connected by curved corridor to rear, and cross corridors. Convex (south) side faces out to give sun and light to ward blocks; concave corridor thus encloses service blocks with entrance block facing north.
Entrance block in Wrenaissance style. Two storeys, three bays with advanced gabled central bay with open porch below. Slate roof with weathered red brick end chimneys, and two smaller chimneys to ridge. First floor in brick with deep eaves band course (dentil cornice) and dressings in Bath stone; ground floor in horizontally chanelled Bath stone. The windows are horned sashes with small panes to upper sash and single large pane below. Single first floor window to each outer bay has architrave with keystone and rusticated surround. Two ground floor windows to each outer bay. Advanced central bay has a broken pediment, end paired Ionic pilasters, large round-headed first floor window with keystone and rusticated surround, on ground floor open segmental arch to porch; returns have two windows to first floor (rusticated surrounds) with ground floor arches similar to front. Gable ends treated as pediments with projecting central stack. To each side of two-storey section, attached single storey pavilions, hipped roofs, banded Bath stone, semi-hexagonal bays to front, two windows to returns. Rear of entrance block in red brick and connects with body of hospital via corridor flanked by one- and two-storey office blocks.
To east (left) of entrance, yard formed by L-shaped works and laundry blocks (mortuary block to north) has boiler houses (with prominent ridge ventilators) and 2-storey attached range. To rear of boiler houses is combined water tower and chimney. Top stage consists of copper dome with small lantern over open loggia (3 bays to each side), brick pillars with stone capitals and cornice. Freestone cornice and bandcourse, roundels, yellow brick bands. Attached chimney follows water tower up to cornice then becomes cylindrical chimney in brick.
To west (right) of entrance, area between corridors has attached service buildings in matching materials.
Disposed to either side of entrance are ten roughly L-shaped 2-storey ward blocks in red brick with yellow brick banding; red brick chimneys, slate roofs, small-pane horned sash glazing. Blocks connected to each other and/or to rear corridor to enclose small courtyards; to rear, each ward block has attached two-storey sanitary block and ventilation cupola in red brick with wooden louvres surmounted by small dome and pinnacle. Ward blocks are disposed almost symmetrically, and are numbered 1 to 5 East and West respectively. Wards 1 (East and West) have two-storey splayed bays near inner angles. Ward 2 (West) has bay in same position, but block 2 (East) has bay near centre of elevation. Wards 3 and 4 to each side have polygonal corner bays. Wards 5 to each side have two splayed bays to outer corners.
Some ward blocks have, on south facing walls, modern single-storey shallow extensions in yellow brick with corrugated roofing materials; some 2-storey extensions in red brick.
Between Wards 1 (East and West), is 2-storey staff house connected by corridor to body of hospital, six windows with recessed central bay, and ground floor splayed bay-windows to outer bays. To rear of house, 2-storey physiotherapy and pharmacy departments. Behind these, other blocks include main recreation hall, largely obscured by adjacent buildings but with prominent louvre, and kitchens. A network of corridors forms courtyards with buildings attached to corridors for office, medical, and service uses.

Interior

Most interiors remodelled and modernised (these were not available for inspection at resurvey January 2002 except for the entrance hall). Entrance block retains square hall, plain ceiling with cornice. Three bays to each side with Roman Doric engaged columns or pilasters. Panelled wood dado; to right, fireplace, to left, door to enquiry office. Entrance to hospital through screen wall with columns. Transverse corridor with classical detailing. To right, staircase hall to former boardroom area with wooden stair in style of circa 1700 six-panelled doors etc, offices modernised. Main recreation hall (approximately 15m by 30m) retains original interior. Segmentally vaulted ceiling with cross-ribs. Seven bays to sides, each with round-headed window; piers between windows have dentil cornice with cartouche and floral pendants. West end wall has triple blind window, taller central window flanked by lower windows treated as walls; dentil cornice continues from side window-piers; to each side round window with pediment and square architrave; three doorways with double-leaf doors. East end has stage with large segmental pedimented proscenium arch, to each side, cartouche with female head and swags; window to each side; below each window, square-headed doorway with double-leaf doors. Doors each lead to lobby with wooden staircase to rear stage area.

Reasons for Listing

Included as the best example in Wales of a large mental hospital using echelon plan form, and for its special architectural interest as the work of Oatley and Skinner.

External Links

• Cadwr Listing
• Whitchurch Hospital at Wikipedia
• Whitchurch Hospital official website
• Wikidata Q7994204

External links are from the relevant listing authority and, where applicable, Wikidata. Wikidata IDs may be related buildings as well as this specific building. If you want to add or update a link, you will need to do so by editing the Wikidata entry.

Recommended Books

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  Worcestershire Revised Edition (Buildings of England) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
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  Yorkshire West Riding: Leeds, Bradford and the North (Pevsner Architectural Guides / Buildings of England)
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  County Durham (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England) by Elizabeth Williamson Nikolaus Pevsner(1983-03-11)
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  Northamptonshire: Buildings of England Series (Pevsner Architectural Guides) (Pevsner Architectural Guides: Buildings of England)
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  The green guide for historic buildings: how to improve the environmental performance of listed and historic buildings